A web browser, or simply "browser," is an application used to access and view websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari. The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or "mark up" webpages. Each time a browser loads a web page, it processes the HTML, which may include text, links, and references to images and other items, such as cascading style sheets and JavaScript functions. The browser processes these items, then renders them in the browser window. Early web browsers, such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator, were simple applications that rendered HTML, processed form input, and supported bookmarks. As websites have evolved, so have web browser requirements. Today's browsers are far more advanced, supporting multiple types of HTML (such as XHTML and HTML 5), dynamic JavaScript, and encryption used by secure websites. The capabilities of modern web browsers allow web developers to create highly interactive websites. For example, Ajax enables a browser to dynamically update information on a webpage without the need to reload the page. Advances in CSS allow browsers to display responsive website layouts and a wide array of visual effects. Cookies allow browsers to remember your settings for specific websites. While web browser technology has come a long way since Netscape, browser compatibility issues remain a problem. Since browsers use different rendering engines, websites may not appear the same across multiple browsers. In some cases, a website may work fine in one browser, but not function properly in another. Therefore, it is smart to install multiple browsers on your computer so you can use an alternate browser if necessary.

­Americans have the chance to affect the course of the United States by voting in elections, but what if you want a more hands-on opportunity? How can you convince the government that you've got the skills, knowledge and drive to join the team in the White House? That depends upon what you bring to the table, i­ncluding your ambitions. There are three different kinds of job opportunities you can pursue at the White House: non-career positions, internships and career positions. Non-career positions are temporary. Once a new administration enters the White House, your term in that position will end. It's possible that the new president will keep you on staff, but you shouldn't count on it. An internship is an unpaid position. Instead of getting paid, an intern's compensation includes on-the-job experience and networking opportunities. Career positions are competitive, non-political jobs. When Obama became President-elect of the United States, his team of advisors launched the Web site to begin the process of choosing federal government appointees.

­Assuming you want one of these non-career positions, you'll need to submit an expression of interest. The required information includes your name, address, phone number, citizenship status and your most recent employer (or school, if you're a student). After submitting your information, it's time to wait. The Obama-Biden Transition Project, which oversees the applications, will contact you within a few days with further instructions. When you receive the e-mail, you'll find a link to another Web site. This is where you'll get your first indication of what's in store for you. You'll have to fill out an online application that spans several online pages and asks for a lot of information. If you get through that phase, you'll have even more questions to answer -- some of these questions are of a very personal nature. In fact, some people consider the application process controversial and troublesome. Let's take a closer look at non-career positions and what the Obama administration wants to know about you before bringing you into the fold.

There are four main kinds of appointments: presidential appointments that require consent from the Senate (PAS), presidential appointments that do not require confirmation (PA), Non-Career Senior Executive Service positions (NC-SES) and Schedule C positions. Congress determines how many PAS and NC-SES appointments the president can make. But the president decides how many PA and Schedule C positions will be in his or her administration. Positions in the PAS category include high-ranking cabinet roles and judiciary appointments. PA positions include the president's executive staff. NC-SES jobs are senior management positions -- typically with titles like deputy undersecretary or bureau director. That sounds like a lot of jobs, but it's nothing compared to the number of applications. That brings us back to the application process. There is another section in which applicants can submit optional information such as their gender, race and political party affiliation. If you get beyond this first round, you'll have to answer more questions.

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