In the first article of the module, we explored the basic CSS features available for styling fonts and text. In this article we will go further, exploring web fonts in detail. We'll see how to use custom fonts with your web page to allow for more varied, custom text styling. As we looked at in Fundamental text and font styling, the fonts applied to your HTML can be controlled using the font-family property. This takes one or more font family names. This system works well, but traditionally web developers' font choices were limited. There are only a handful of fonts that you can guarantee to be available across all common systems - the so-called Web-safe fonts. You can use the font stack to specify preferred fonts, followed by web-safe alternatives, followed by the default system font. However, this increases your workload because of the testing required to make sure that your designs work with each font. But there is an alternative that works very well.

CSS allows you to specify font files, available on the web, to be downloaded along with your website as it's accessed. This means that any browser supporting this CSS feature can display the fonts you've specifically chosen. The syntax does get a bit more complex than this. We'll go into more detail below. 1. Fonts generally aren't free to use. You have to pay for them and/or follow other license conditions, such as crediting the font creator in your code (or on your site). You shouldn't steal fonts and use them without giving proper credit. 2. All major browsers support WOFF/WOFF2 (Web Open Font Format versions 1 and 2). Even older browsers such as IE9 (released in 2011) support the WOFF format. 3. WOFF2 supports the entirety of the TrueType and OpenType specifications, including variable fonts, chromatic fonts, and font collections. 4. The order in which you list font files is important. If you provide the browser with a list of multiple font files to download, the browser will choose the first font file it's able to use.

That's why the format you list first should be the preferred format - that is, WOFF2 - with the older formats listed after that. Browsers that don't understand one format will then fall back to the next format in the list. 5. If you need to work with legacy browsers, you should provide EOT (Embedded Open Type), TTF (TrueType Font), and SVG web fonts for download. This article explains how to use the Fontsquirrel Webfont Generator to generate the required files. You can use the Firefox Font Editor to investigate and manipulate the fonts in use on your page, whether they are web fonts or not. With this in mind, let's build up a basic web font example from first principles. It's difficult to demonstrate this using an embedded live example. So instead we would like you to follow the steps detailed in the below sections to get an idea of the process.

You should use the web-font-start.html and web-font-start.css files as a starting point to add your code to (see the live example). Make a copy of these files in a new directory on your computer now. In the web-font-start.css file, you'll find some minimal CSS to deal with the basic layout and typesetting of the example. For this example, we'll use two web fonts: one for the headings and one for the body text. To start with, we need to find the font files that contain the fonts. Fonts are created by font foundries and are stored in different file formats. A free font distributor: This is a site that makes free fonts available for download (there may still be some license conditions, such as crediting the font creator). Examples include Font Squirrel, dafont, and Everything Fonts. You can also buy fonts directly from font foundries, for example Linotype, Monotype, or Exljbris.

An online font service: This is a site that stores and serves the fonts for you, making the whole process easier. See the Using an online font service section for more details. Let's find some fonts! Go to Font Squirrel and choose two fonts: a nice interesting font for the headings (maybe a nice display or slab serif font), and a slightly less flashy and more readable font for the paragraphs. When you've found a font, press the download button and save the file inside the same directory as the HTML and CSS files you saved earlier. It doesn't matter whether they are TTF (True Type Fonts) or OTF (Open Type Fonts). Unzip the two font packages (Web fonts are usually distributed in ZIP files containing the font file(s) and licensing information). You may find multiple font files in the package - some fonts are distributed as a family with different variants available, for example thin, medium, bold, italic, thin italic, etc. For this example, we just want you to concern yourself with a single font file for each choice.

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