|
|
|
|
Use the Evernote extension to save things you see on the web into your Evernote account. Evernote Web Clipper is a browser extension that lets you save interesting things you find on the web directly to your Evernote account. Web Clipper Capture ideas and inspiration from anywhere with ease. Save articles, web pages, and screenshots directly to Evernote. Save what matters Clip web pages, articles, or PDFs and save them in Evernote. Screen capture full pages or just the parts you want-without distracting ads and sidebars. Customize your clips Take a screenshot of a web page, then add highlights, text, and other annotations. With Web Clipper, you can make sure what’s important is clear at a glance. Keep content organized Tag what you save so your research, photos, ideas, and more are all easy to find using keywords. You can also add titles and save content to the notebook that makes sense. Go beyond bookmarks Save web page URLs, images, and descriptions to your relevant Evernote notebook and keep all your related content in one easy-to-find place.
Kwanzaa, a seven-day holiday that celebrates African-American heritage, is the brainchild of Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor of Africana Studies at California State University Long Beach. Karenga created Kwanzaa as a way to help African-Americans remember their roots and also to foster unity during a time of incredible racial strife. Karenga, a controversial figure in the black power movement, openly opposed Christian beliefs and originally declared that Kwanzaa should be an anti-Christmas of sorts. Each of the seven days represents one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa, or nguzo saba. There are also seven symbols of Kwanzaa, which celebrants display prominently in their homes throughout the holiday. The colors of Kwanzaa are red, black and green -- the colors of the Pan-African flag, which symbolizes unity among African people all over the world. Black represents the people, red their blood and green the earth and the future. Kwanzaa is, of course, a festive time; it has all the feasting and celebrating you'd expect from a weeklong holiday, but it's also an occasion for reflection, conversation, contemplation and camaraderie.
And although it's a relatively young holiday, it has its fair share of very specific, detailed traditions. So, if you don't know your vibunzi from your mishumaa saba, this is a good place to start! We'll start off with the foundation of Kwanzaa: the seven principles. Each day of Kwanzaa represents one of the seven principles, or nguzo saba. Taken together, the seven principles make up kawaida, a Swahili term for tradition and reason. During the evening candlelighting (which we'll talk about in more detail on the next page), everyone in the group explains what the day's principles means to them and how they tried to apply it that day. There might be an activity based on the principle, like a project, a musical performance or a poetry reading. The answer to the question "Habari gani?" (Swahili for "what's the news?") is always the name of that day's principle. When Kwanzaa started, the intention was -- as a part of the kujichagulia principle of self-determination -- to keep it separate from non-African holidays.
But over the years, more and more African-American families have begun celebrating Kwanzaa along with Christmas and New Year's. Why all the Swahili? There are hundreds of African languages, but Dr. Karenga chose to use Swahili for Kwanzaa terms because it's the most widely spoken language on the continent. Along with the seven principles of Kwanzaa come the seven symbols. Mkeka (mat): The mkeka is woven from a traditional African material, probably straw, kente (a silk and cotton blend) cloth or mud (cotton fabric dyed using mud) cloth. Mazao (crops): The fruits, vegetables and nuts laid on the mkeka symbolize work, the harvest and the nourishment of the tribe. Vibunzi (ear of corn): Corn represents fertility and community child-rearing. Each child in the family is represented by an ear of corn on the mkeka (if there's more than one ear, the group is called a mihindi). If there aren't any kids in the household, two ears of corn are still placed to show that everyone is responsible for the community's children.
Mishumaa saba (candles): Candles are a major part of celebrations in almost every culture, and Kwanzaa is no exception. The mishumaa saba is a set of seven candles (three red, three green and one black) that are lit every night of Kwanzaa, each representing one of the seven principles. The black candle in the center (which symbolizes umoja) is lit by itself on the first night and together with a red or green candle every night thereafter. Kinara (candleholder): The kinara -- which symbolizes history and ancestry -- can be of any shape and made of any kind of material, but the candles must be laid out in a specific pattern: black in the center, green on the right and red on the left. Kikombe cha umoja (unity cup): The unity cup plays a major part in the karamu (feast or party) on the sixth night of Kwanzaa, which we'll talk about on the next page. Zawadi (gifts): Kwanzaa gifts, which we'll also discuss on a later page, are only for children, and they always have cultural and historical meaning.
|
|
